Gradient example sentences

Chemiosmosis requires a membrane, a proton pump, a proton gradient and ATPase.The porous cellophane membrance of the tube allows the passage of molecules based on concentration gradient.This creates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane as well as a measurable decrease in pH in the lumen.The breakdown of the protons gradient due to movement through the F0 part of the ATPase enzyme releases enough energy for synthesis of ATP.During this process a proton gradient is created across the membrane of the thylakoid.The passage of these substances into the blood depends upon the concentration gradients.The growing importance of road transport vis- -vis rail transport is rooted in the following reasons; (a) construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines, (b) roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography, (c) roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas, (d) road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances, (e) it also provides door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower, (f) road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a link between railway stations, air and sea ports.Active transport occurs against the concentration gradient and hence requires energy.Like in respiration, in photosynthesis too, ATP synthesis is linked to development of a proton gradient across a membrane.The gradient is broken down due to the movement of protons across the membrane to the stroma through the transmembrane channel of the F0 of the ATPase.The break down of the gradient provides enough energy to cause a conformational change in the F1 particle of the ATPase, which makes the enzyme synthesise several molecules of energy-packed ATP.HL primarily helps to maintain osmolar gradient (300 mOsmolL–1 -1200 mOsmolL–1) within the kidney interstitium.Energy is used to pump protons across a membrane, to create a gradient or a high concentration of protons within the thylakoid lumen.Where the geothermal gradient is high, high temperatures are found at shallow depths.Transport of water depends upon the osmotic gradient.