Membrane example sentences

As electrons move through the photosystems, protons are transported across the membrane.The nuclear membrane disappears by the end of prophase (Figureure 4).Once the chromatids reach the two poles, the chromosomal elongation starts, nucleolus and the nuclear membrane reappear.Hormone receptors present on the cell membrane of the target cells are called membrane-bound receptors and the receptors present inside the target cell are called intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors (present in the nucleus).Since splitting of the water molecule takes place on the inner side of the membrane, the protons or hydrogen ions that are produced by the splitting of water accumulate within the lumen of the thylakoids.Within the chloroplasts, the membranes are sites for the light reaction, while the chemosynthetic pathway occurs in the stromatal aperture.The other portion is called F1 and protrudes on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane on the side that faces the stroma.In respiration, protons accumulate in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria when electrons move through the ETS.In telophase I, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear.There is one difference though, here the proton accumulation is towards the inside of the membrane, i.e., in the lumen.The membrane system is responsible for trapping the light energy and also for the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.This creates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane as well as a measurable decrease in pH in the lumen.The nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear, cytokinesis follows and this is called as diad of cells (Figureure 3).The gradient is broken down due to the movement of protons across the membrane to the stroma through the transmembrane channel of the F0 of the ATPase.Then, where are the protons and O2 formed likely to be released – in the lumen? or on the outer side of the membrane? ATP is synthesised by cells (in mitochondria and chloroplasts) is named phosphorylation.