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The practice of untouchability, described as a “slur and a blot” on the “fair name of India”, was abolished.There are other sections in the Constitution that help to strengthen the argument against untouchability – for example, Article 15 of the Constitution notes that no citizen of India shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (you learnt a lot about this in your Class textbook in the chapter on Equality).He claims that untouchability is the highest state of knowledge: it means not be touched by narrow limiting ideas.There can be no room in such an India for the curse of untouchability or the curse of the intoxicating drinks and drugs.And there were copies of The Encounter lying about in various degrees of freshness, almost untouched by readers.The upper castes also treated many of these groups at the bottom as “untouchable”.It also means that it is wrong to practise untouchability and that this practice will not be tolerated by a democratic government.The seventh to ninth centuries saw the emergence of new religious movements, led by the Nayanars (saints devoted to Shiva) and Alvars (saints devoted to ishnu) who came from all castes including those considered “untouchable” like the Pulaiyar and the Panars.The most important among them were Janeshwar, Namdev, Eknath and Tukaram as well as women like Sakkubai and the family of Chokhamela, who belonged to the “untouchable” Mahar caste.The Constitution mentions one extreme form of social discrimination, the practice of untouchability, and clearly directs the government to put an end to it.The practice of untouchability has been forbidden in any form.So the Constitution made untouchability a punishable offence.But Gandhi was not permitted to draw water from the well lest some drops from his bucket pollute the entire source; how did they know that he was not an untouchable? Gandhi decided to go first to Muzzafarpur, which was en route to Champaran, to obtain more complete information about conditions than Shukla was capable of imparting.Hindu temples, previously open to only the higher castes, were thrown open to all, including the former untouchables.Untouchability here does not only mean refusal to touch people belonging to certain castes.
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