Valence example sentences

It is called 'equivalence' because it argues that taxation and borrowing are equivalent means of financing expenditure.It is because within the period the outer electrons are in the same valence shell and the effective nuclear charge increases as the atomic number increases resulting in the increased attraction of electrons to the nucleus.The effective nuclear charge experienced by a valence electron in an atom will be less than the actual charge on the nucleus because of shielding or screening of the valence electron from the nucleus by the intervening core electrons.At the end of each period is a noble gas element with a closed valence shell ns2np6 configureuration.It is due to the absence of d orbitals that the maximum covalence of B is Since the d orbitals are available with Al and other elements, the maximum covalence can be expected beyond Most of the other metal halides (e.g., AlCl3) are dimerised through halogen bridging (e.g., Al2Cl6).All the orbitals in the valence shell of the noble gases are completely filled by electrons and it is very difficult to alter this stable arrangement by the addition or removal of electrons.Silicon is group 14 element with a valence of 4; bromine belongs to the halogen family with a valence of Hence the formula of the compound formed would be SiBr Some periodic trends observed in the valence of elements (hydrides and oxides) are shown in Table Other such periodic trends which occur in the chemical behaviour of the elements are discussed elsewhere in this book.Doubly bonded carbon atoms have to satisfy the remaining two valences by joining with two atoms or groups.The second period elements of p-groups starting from boron are restricted to a maximum covalence of four (using 2s and three 2p orbitals).Therefore, it is easier shielding or screening of the valence electron from the nucleus by the intervening core electrons.The second important difference, which applies only to the p-block elements, arises from the effect of dorbitals in the valence shell of heavier elements (starting from the third period onwards) and their lack in second period elements.As a result, the valence electron experiences a net positive charge which is less than the actual charge of + In general, shielding is effective when the orbitals in the inner shells are completely filled.A neutral attitude would have neither positive nor negative valence.The valence of an attitude tells us whether an attitude is positive or negative towards the attitude object.Carbon overcomes this problem by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements.